infos = Information about elektrify getenv below
infos/author = Markus Raab elekt.nosp@m.ra@l.nosp@m.ibele.nosp@m.ktra.nosp@m..org
infos/description =

elektrify-getenv(1) – elektrify the environment of applications

elektrify-getenv <application> <options>

EXAMPLE

kdb elektrify-getenv curl --elektra-version
kdb elektrify-getenv curl http://www.libelektra.org
kdb set system/elektra/intercept/getenv/override/http_proxy http://www.example.com/
kdb elektrify-getenv curl http://www.libelektra.org

By using elektrify-getenv the last curl invocation will use a different http proxy. Or you can also reload while the application is running:

ELEKTRA_RELOAD_TIMEOUT=100 kdb elektrify-getenv firefox
kdb set system/elektra/intercept/getenv/override/http_proxy http://www.example.com

DESCRIPTION

When an application is elektrified using libelektragetenv, it does not only request environ, but also Elektra for every getenv(3) and secure_getenv(3) library call.

Its main purpose is to:

have a standard ways to modify the environment
make relogin (or even restart!) of applications unnecessary
allow a hierarchical structure for environment
allow settings to only apply for individual applications or only in special context
still preserve the advantages (inheriting of environment to subprocesses)
availability of same environment in at, cron and similar scripts

It is implemented using a LD_PRELOAD technique, see USAGE below for global activation.

LOOKUPS

The main purpose of this approach is to finally have a well-defined way to set and get environment variables. Elektra's variables will be in use immediately for every newly started application (no relogin necessary).

To do so, getenv(3) will lookup multiple sources next to searching in the environment (environ). As running example will use getenv("HOME") -> /path/to/home:

Given commandline parameters will always be preferred (see OPTIONS below).

E.g. elektrify-getenv <app> --elektra:HOME=/path/to/home
Then /elektra/intercept/getenv/override/<key> will be looked up, where <key> is the parameter to getenv. If found, the key will be returned, if it is a null keys, getenv will return NULL.

E.g. kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/override/HOME /path/to/home
Then environment will be requested.

E.g. HOME=/path/to/home elektrify-getenv <application>
Then /elektra/intercept/getenv/fallback/<key> will be looked up. If found, the key will be returned, if it is a null keys, getenv will return NULL.

E.g. kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/fallback/HOME /path/to/home

OPTIONS

When elektrify-getenv is active, every application additionally accepts Elektra's getenv options. Interleaving Elektra's and the application's options is allowed. Elektra will parse its options (starting with –elektra) first and discard them before the other application is started. Therefore the application will not see that they even existed, e.g.: given elektrify-getenv <application> -V --elektra-debug -L the application will be called with <application> -V -L.

Internal Options

--elektra-help: Outputs this help.
--elektra-version: Gives version information.
--elektra-debug=file, ELEKTRA_DEBUG or /elektra/intercept/getenv/option/debug: Trace all getenv(3) calls to a file. stderr if no file is given, e.g. kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/option/debug "". Note that null values (no forth argument), will disable debug messages. See examples below.
--elektra-clearenv, ELEKTRA_CLEARENV or /elektra/intercept/getenv/option/clearenv: Call clearenv(3) before entering main. This is a recommended security feature. Elektra itself, if configured that way, will still be able to use the environment.
--elektra-reload-timeout=time_in_ms, ELEKTRA_RELOAD_TIMEOUT or /elektra/intercept/getenv/option/reload_timeout: Activate a timeout based feature when a time is given in ms (and is not 0).

Internal Options are available in three different variants:

as commandline parameter: --elektra-<option>, which are not passed through exec(3) calls.
as environment variable: ELEKTRA_<OPTION>. which might be passed through exec(3) calls, but are removed by clearenv(3) calls.
as Elektra KDB entry: /elektra/intercept/getenv/option/<option>, which are the way to achieve an option to be enabled for every application.

E.g. kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/option/clearenv "" to clear the environment for all applications started by that user (note that at least PATH should to be set using kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/fallback/PATH "/bin:/usr/bin" then).

Note, that null keys are equal to non-set options. E.g. kdb set system/elektra/intercept/getenv/option/debug "/tmp/elektra.log" and kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/option/debug will activate logging for the system, except for the current user.

Contextual Options

--elektra%<name>%=<value> or /elektra/intercept/getenv/layer/<name>: Add the contextual information (=layer) %<name>% with its value <value>. Note that name% is predefined with argv[0] and basename% with basename(argv[0]).

Values can contain / to form hierarchies, e.g. --elektraname%=app/profile

Options for Applications

--elektra:key=value, /elektra/intercept/getenv/override/<key> or /elektra/intercept/getenv/fallback/<key>: set a key/value to be preferred, i.e. the first to considered as explained in LOOKUP.

Keys can contain / to form hierarchies, e.g. --elektra:my/HOME=/path/to/home.

USAGE

To always use Elektra's getenv environment, simply add the output to the file:

elektrify-getenv | tail -1 | sudo tee -a /etc/ld.so.preload

this also can be done using Elektra:

sudo kdb mount /etc/ld.so.preload system/ld/preload line null
sudo kdb set "system/ld/preload/new"  `elektrify-getenv | tail -1`

CONTEXT

The metadata context in the specification can be used to facilitate a context-dependent lookup. In its metavalue all replacements of %<name>% will be replaced by the given contextual options --elektra%<name>%=<value> and /elektra/intercept/getenv/layer/<name> keys.

E.g. to have a different home directory for any user and application:

kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/layer/user markus
kdb set user/users/markus/konqueror/HOME /home/download
kdb setmeta spec/elektra/intercept/getenv/override/HOME context  /users/%user%/%name%/HOME

Or to have a different lock/suspend program per computer (that all have the same config):

kdb mount-info system/elektra/intercept/getenv/info            # must be below /elektra/intercept/getenv to be available
kdb setmeta spec/elektra/intercept/getenv/layer/hostname override/#0 system/elektra/intercept/getenv/info/uname/nodename
kdb setmeta spec/elektra/intercept/getenv/override/lock context /elektra/intercept/getenv/info/lock/%hostname%
kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/info/lock/computer1 "systemctl suspend -i
kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/info/lock/computer2 "xset dpms force off && xtrlock"
`kdb getenv lock`  # call the appropriate lock method for the current computer

BUGS

Some applications do not use getenv(3) or secure_getenv(3) for requesting the environment, e.g. shells. This approach cannot work for them.

In the startup-phase (before main is even entered), getenv(3) will not consider /elektra/intercept/getenv/override/ or /elektra/intercept/getenv/fallback.

Elektra internally tries to avoid using the environment. Some resolvers, however, use it to conform to some specifications, e.g. XDG. Depending on the setup you use, these parameters might be used. For more information see:

kdb info resolver

For these parameters, /elektra/intercept/getenv/override/ or /elektra/intercept/getenv/fallback will not be used internally, but will be used if applications request them, too.

If you use the standard resolvers, the bug won't have any effect.

Also note that --elektra-debug or ELEKTRA_DEBUG does not log getenv(3) used by plugins during the startup-phase.

Command line arguments apply always to the outmost command, e.g. nice ls --elektra:COLUMNS=20 won't have any effect because only for nice COLUMNS will be set.

EXAMPLES

For illustration this section gives some more examples.

elektrify-getenv man man --elektra:MANWIDTH=40

Will use MANWIDTH 40 for this invocation of man man. This feature is handy, if an option is only available by environment, but not by command-line arguments, because sometimes environment variables are not trivial to set (e.g. in Makefiles).

Debugging:

# system wide to stderr (not recommended!):
sudo kdb set system/elektra/intercept/getenv/option/debug ""
# system wide to /var/log/elektra.log:
sudo kdb set system/elektra/intercept/getenv/option/debug "/var/log/error.log"
# but for my user to ~/.elektra.log:
kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/option/debug "$HOME/.elektra.log"
# or disable it for my user:
kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/option/debug

Some more examples:

kdb set user/elektra/intercept/getenv/override/MANOPT -- "--regex -LC"
elektrify-getenv getenv MANOPT   # to check if it is set as expected
kdb getenv MANOPT   # if /etc/ld.so.preload is active

Will permanently and user-wide change MANOPT to include –regex, and -LC so that regular expressions will be used (note man echo will return many man pages then) and that they will be shown in English. This feature is handy to change the default behaviour of applications (either system, user or directory-wide).

kdb set system/elektra/intercept/getenv/override/HTTP_PROXY http://proxy.hogege.com:8000/

Will permanently and system-wide change the proxy for all applications that honor HTTP_PROXY, e.g. w3m. We can also link http_proxy to the value of HTTP_PROXY:

kdb setmeta spec/elektra/intercept/getenv/override/http_proxy "override/#0" /elektra/intercept/getenv/override/HTTP_PROXY
kdb get /elektra/intercept/getenv/override/http_proxy