git add readme.md   # adds the changes of the file `readme.md` to the staging area
git add .           # adds all changes of files in the current directory (recursively) to the staging area
git add --all       # adds all changes of files in the repository to the staging area
git commit -a       # executes a commit that automatically stages all changed and deleted files before

make sure to do:

git config --global merge.ff false

git config merge.ff false

A commit message should have the following syntax: component: short change description

For a clean and meaningful log the commit message should fulfil the following:

use imperative in the subject line
the subject line should not be longer than 50 characters
start the subject line with the module name (e.g. resolver:, cpp bindings:)
separate subject from body with a blank line
in the body describe in detail what you did, and possibly why
metadata like "Fixes #123" should be kept at the bottom of the commit message and definitely not in the title

Most commits should have a longer description in the body.

To list all remote branches use:

git branch -a

To checkout a remote branch initially use:

git checkout -b <branchname> origin/<branchname>

Once you have done this, it will be a local branch, too. Following remote branches should exist:

master

This is the development branch. Please try to not work directly on it, but instead you should use feature branches. So the only commits on master should be non-fastforward merges from features branches. Commits on master should always compile and all test cases should pass successfully. (see config option above)

debian

Is the branch to be used to build debian packages. It additionally contains the debian folder. Only debian related commits should be on the debian branch - otherwise it should only contain –no-ff merges from master. (see config option above)

You should always make your own feature branch with:

git checkout -b <feature-branch-name>

On this branch it is not so important that every commit compiles or all test cases run.

To merge a branch use (no-fastforward):

git merge --no-ff <branchname>

If you already did some commits, but want them in a branch, you can do:

git branch foo
git reset HEAD^^  # for 2 commits back
git reset origin/master
git-ref-log # recover